MOUTH and PHARYNX
Afroz Lakhani, R.N.,BScN.
§ Lips
§ Teeth
§ Gums
§ Tongue
§ Palate
§ Buccal cavity
§ Uvula
§ LIPS
§ Visible organ at the mouth
§ Soft, protruding and movable
§ Opening for food intake
§ Erogenous, tactile organ (kissing/intimacy)
§ Articulation of speech
§ The lips visibly express emotions.
Look for….
§ Dry, cracked lips (dehydration, medication, climate, inflammation-Angular cheilitis)
§ Cyanosis (alert sign of diminished oxygen)
§ Swelling (medication, allergy reaction, injury, teeth misalignment)
§ Painful blisters (Herpes Simplex)
§ Lesions ( carcinoma, Syphilis)
ANGULAR CHEILITIS
HERPES SIMPLEX
HEALTHY KISSABLE LIPS
TEETH
§ Small white structures found in mouth
§ Use for tearing, scraping, chewing food
§ Human got 20 primary teeth or milk teeth and 32 adult teeth
§ Mandible (jaw bone) hold the lower teeth (16)
§ Maxilla forms upper jaw (16)
Classification of teeth
§ Incisors (used for cutting and biting)
§ Canines (ripping and tearing)
§ Molars ( chewing)
Internal structure of tooth. Three layers:
Crown: visible part, above the gum. Covered with enamel to protect dentine.
Neck: gum lining between root and crown
Root: Below the gum, blood vessels and nerve entrance.
Teeth Examination
§ Hx (brushing habits, dentist visits, injuries )
§ Inspect for missing or loose teeth (gold tooth)
§ Any discoloration (coffee, smoking etc)
§ Misshapen
§ Abnormally positioned
§ Pain, swelling, redness in gums or face (infection, abscess), sensitive teeth
§ Cavities
§ Denture
§ Soft tissue lining of the mouth. They surround the teeth and provide a seal around them.
§ Coral pink to partly brown color
§ Firm texture
§ No reaction when brushing
§ Labial frenulum connects each lip with gums
Examination
§ Color ( Red)
§ Any swelling or ulceration
§ Bleeding
§ Purulent exudate
§ Any bad breath
§ Change in how patient bites or chew food
§ Does dentures fit perfect
Common Gum Diseases:
§ Gingivitis: poor oral hygiene, reversible. If untreated can lead to Periodontitis.
§ Periodontitis: Irreversible, Gums separates from teeth, falling teeth, bleeding, swelling
